التصويم في الدواجن مميزاته وعيوبه وكيفية تطبيقه
التغذيه هي الضلع الأكثر أهمية والأكثر تكلفه في صناعة الدواجن وعلي القائم بوضع خطة التغذيه أن يكون على درايه بجميع محاور وعناصر عملية التغذية بدأ من جوده الخامات العلفيه ونسبة التركيب وحتى طرق تقديم العلف
لماذا يتم إتباع برامج علفيه معينه منتظمه في تربية أمهات التسمين؟؟
بهدف تحديد وتنظيم كمية العلف المقدمة للطائر ولهذا عدة فوائد
- تأخير النضج الجنسي وبالتالي الحصول على بيض كبير الحجم في بداية وضع البيض.
- يهدف تحديد كمية العلف أثناء فترة التربية إلى الوصول بالدجاج إلي وزن مثالي عند النضج الجنسي وبالتالي الحصول على أعلى إنتاج من البيض مع زيادة وزنه
- عدم زيادة وزن الجسم عند النضج الجنسي لدرجة تؤثر علي الإنتاج عن طريق تقليل دهن البطن و بالتالي زيادة الإنتاج و الخصوبة.
خلاصة الفوائد
يتم إتباع برامج التغذية والتى تم تجريبها من قبل الشركات المنتجه للسلاله وذلك لمجاراة الأوزان القياسيه وتحقيقها ومن ثم الوصول بالقطيع إلي الأداء الإنتاجي المطلوب
البرامج الغذائية المتبعة لتحديد كمية الغذاء: Programs for feed restrictio
هناك العديد من البرامج المتبعة لتحديد كمية الغذاء أثناء فترة رعاية (نمو) الطيور, وسوف نستعرض منها الآتي باختصار:
1. تحديد كمية العلف المقدمة يوميا: Feeding on restricted feed daily
وفيها يتم تحديد كمية العلف التي تقدم للطيور يوميا و يجب تعديل الكمية المقدمة يوميا بناءا على نتائج الوزن الأسبوعي. مع مراعاة
سرعة دوران العلف ووصوله إلي كل الطيور
عدم حدوث تزاحم للطيور علي العلف
تجانس توزيع العلف للطيور
2. التصويم
هو البرنامج الثاني المتبع وبيبدأ من الأسبوع الرابع وبيتم فيه تصويم الطيور عن العلف أي عدم تقديم العلف للطيور في يوم مثلا ثم أوزع علف هذا اليوم علي باقي الأيام والمتبع هو
تصويم يوم واحد في الأسبوع 1/6
تصويم يومين في الاسبوع 2/5
تصويم ثلاث ايام في الاسبوع 3/4
وأيام الصيام لا تكون متصله بل متباعده يعنى مثلا مينقعش تصوم يومين ورا بعض
طريقة التنفيذ بتتم عن طريق ضرب كمية العلف المقرره للطائر × 7
ثم يقسم الناتج علي أيام العلف 6-5-4
ولا يتم إختيار النظام عشوائيا بل بشروط منها :-
1- ألا يتجاوز مقدار العلف المقدم للطائر القمه العلفيه له
2- الأ يتأخر تناول الطيور للعلف المقدم عن الحد
3- تناسب المساحة العلفيه مع كمية العلف المقدمة مع عدد الطيور
ما هي مزايا برامج التصويم …؟؟؟
- العمل علي تمديد حجم الحوصلة إلي اقصي حد لكي يستوعب مقررات العلف الكبيرة في فترة الإنتاج
- تشغيل خطوط العلف الأتوماتيكيه مبكراً في اعداد الطيور الكبيرة للحفاظ علي المجهود البشري وتوجيهة لاعمال اخري بخلاف العلف اليدوى لعدة أسابيع
- تفادى عدم توزيع العلف توزيعا عادلا بين الطيور
- نتيجة لاستئثار الطيور القوية لكميات أكبر من معدلاتها الغذائية و بالتالي يؤدى هذا النظام إلى زيادة تجانس الطيور عند النضج الجنسي
ماذا عن العيوب……؟؟؟؟
- الطيور تكون جائعة يوما كاملا و في اليوم التالي تأكل بشراهة مما يؤدي إلى زيادة حجم الحوصلة وقلة تحويل العلف, بالإضافة إلى زيادة
- استهلاك المياه في يوم الصيام مما يؤدي إلى بلل الفرشة وزيادة مشكلاتها ويمكن تفادي هذه المشكلة بتحديد كمية المياه المقدمة في يوم التصويم
- لا يمكن إستخدام التصويم في حالة وجود أو حتي الإشتباه في وجود أي من الأمراض التى تصيب الجهاز الهضمي او الأمعاء مثل الكوكسيديا والكلوستريديا أو الديدان .
تابع أيضاً: مياه الشرب وخصائصها وتأثيرها علي إنتاج قطعان الدواجن
دمتم في رعاية الله وحفظه
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