طرق حساب أحتياجات الدواجن
اولا : أحتياجات الدجاج البياض للطاقة الممثلة
الطاقة الكلية gross energy
fecal energy طاقة الروث
الطاقة المهضومة digestible energy
urine energy طاقة البول
الطاقة الممثلة metabolisable energy
mainterance الطاقة الحافظة
الطاقة الانتاجية productive energy
أ- ولحساب الطاقة الحافظة ( maintenance )
لابد من معرفة معدل التمثيل القاعدى (basic metabolic rate) ويعرف bmr بانة هو أقل مجهود حرارى يلزم لحفظ درجة حرارة الجسم للحيوان 24 س وذلك تحت ظروف موحدة لتقليل المواثرات الخارجية التى تدعو لتكوين حرارة زائدة
الطاقة الحرارية اللازمة للتمثيل القاعدى=70(وزن الحيوان بالكيلو جرام)75, وقد وجد ان الحرارة التى تشعها وحدة الوزن التمثيلى تترواح مابين50,7 – 76,8 بأستثناء حرارة الاوز 82,5 أى بمتوسط 69 ومن الوجهة العملية يمكن أعتبار 70 هو الرقم المتوسط
معادلة كلبير 1947
وقد وجد أن حرارة التمثيل القاعدى تمثل 4/3 الحرارة اللازمة لحفظ الحياة فى الحيوانات ذات المعدة الواحدة بينما تمثل 2/1 الحرارة اللازمة لحفظ الحياة فى الدواجن وعلية تصبح الحرارة اللازمة لحفظ الحياة كلاتى
1- للانسان = 1,33 * 70 * (الوزن) 75,
2- للدجاج = 2 * 70 * (الوزن) 75,
مٍثال : لدجاجة وزنها 1,750 2*70*(1,75) 75, = 212,8 kcal
ومن جهة أخرى فقد وجد ( scott 1976 ) ان التمثيل القاعدى للدجاج بالكليو كالورى يوميا = 83 *(الوزن بالكيلو جرام) 75,
أى أنة يبلغ لدجاجة وزنها 1,750 كلاتى 83 * (1,750 ) 75, = 83*1,52 = 126 وأوضح scott أن حرارة التمثيل القاعدى تشكل حوالى 82% من الحرارة اللازمة لحفظ الحياة دون القيام ببذل أى مجهود حركى 126*100 / 82 =154 وحيث ان الدجاج يحتاج الى حرارة أضافية لتغطية الاحتياجات اللازمة لمواجهة النشاط و الحركة اليومية بمقدار 37% للدجاج المربى محبوسا و 50% للدجاج المربى طليقا .
وبذلك يبلغ مقدار المجهود الفسيولوجى اللازم يوميا لدجاجة مرباة طليقة وتزن 1,750 154 + 154 * 50 / 100 = 241 كيلو كالورى .
وتبلغ الاحتياجات اليومية للدجاجة من نفس الوزن 1,750 كجم المحبوسة 154+154*37/100=211كيلو كالورى مجهود فسيولوجى نافع .
ب – أحتياجات الطاقة اللازمة لانتاج بيض قياسية زنة 56 جراما
حسب تقديرات المجلس البريطانى تبلغ هذة الاحتياجات فى المتوسط 112 kcal ويرى scott أنة يكفى لانتاج هذة البيضة86 كيلو كالورى فقط .
مثال: لحساب مقدار الطاقة الكلية اللازمة لدجاجةزنة 1 كيلو جرام طبقا لتطبيق قانون كليبر وتوصيات المجلس البريطانى
2*70*(1)75, =140 kcal للحفاط على الحياة + 112 للانتاج
اذا تصبح 252 kcal يوميا وحسب توصيات scott لدجاجة زنة 1 كيلو جرام .
اولا – للدجاجة المحبوسة 83 * 100 * 137 / 82 * 100 = 138 كيلو كالورى لحفظ الحياة
ثانيا – للدجاجة الطليقة 83 * 100 *150 / 82 * 100 = 151 كيلو كالورى لحفظ الحياة
أى بمتوسط 144 كيلو كالورى لحفظ الحياة .
اذا الطاقة الكلية = 144 + 86 = 230 kcal يوميا
ثانيا : أحتياجات الدجاج البياض من البروتين الخام .
أ – حساب مقدار البروتين اللازم يوميا لحفظ حياة الدجاجة :
يقصد بالبروتين الحافظ أدنى مقدار من البروتين اللازم تقديمة يوميا ليعوض مقدار البروتين المفقود من الجسم نتيجة لعمليات هدم البروتين فى الجسم أو ما يفقده الجسم من سوائل و خلايا منسلخة نتيجة للعمليات الحيوية ولقد وجد أنة فى حالة تغذية الحيوانات على عليقة نفية خالية من البروتين فأن البروتين المهدوم من جسم تجرح فى صورتين هما .
بروتين بول تمثيلى و بروتين روث تمثيلى ولقد وجد brody ان نتروجين البول التمثيلى يتوقف على وزن الجسم التمثيلى للحيوان و توصل الى ان نتروجين البول التمثيلى يساوى 146 * ( وزن الحيوان كجم ) 75, . ولما كان مقدار حرارة التمثيل القاعدى للحيوان =
70 * ( الوزن ) 75, أمكن التوصل الى معرفة العلاقة بين نتروجين البول التمثيلىو وحدة الطاقة الحرارية من حرارة التمثيل القاعدى للحيوان على النمو التالى : –
146 * ( الوزن )72, / 70 * ( الوزن )75, = 2,1 مليجرام نتروجين لكل سعر حرارى .
كما تبين ان مقدار نتروجين الروث التمثيلى على أساس نتائج brody يشكل 60 % من نتروجين البول التمثيلى فى حالة الدواجن وبهذا يصبح النتروجين الكلى = 1,6 * نتروجين البول التمثيلى
وحيث ان نسبة الاستفادة من تحويل بروتين الغذاء المهضوم الى بروتين داخل الانسجة 50 % تقريبا
اذا البروتين اللازم لحفظ الحياة = 2 * 1,6 * 146 * (و)72, * 6,25 = 2,55 جرام لكل كجم وزن تمثيلى وحيث ان معامل هضم البروتين الخام 80 % .
2,55 * 100 / 80 = 3,18 جرام بروتين خام يوميا لكل كجم وزن تمثيلى .
ب – حساب مقدار البروتين اللازم للنمو .
فى بداية مرحلة الانتاج الاولى ( 21 – 36 ) أسبوع تزيد الدجاجة من 1350 جرام الى 1800 جرام . اى 450 جرام / 15 أسبوع =4,28 جرام يوميا .
وحيث ان جسم الكتكوت يحتوى على 18 % بروتين
اذا كمية البروتين اللازمة للنمو = 18 / 100 * 450 = 81 جرام بروتين خلال المرحلة
اذا كمية البروتين اللازمة للنمو يوميا = 18/100 * 4,28 = 77, جرام بروتين مهضوم / يوم
وحيث ان معامل الاستفادة من البروتين = 50 – 55 %
اذا الاحتياجات من البروتين الخام = 77, * 100 / 55 = 1,4 جم بروتين جم بروتين خام / يوم
وبذلك يصبح الحساب على النمو التالى :
مقدار الزيادة فى الوزن يوميا بالجرام * 18, / 55, = الاحتياجات اللازمة للنمو من البروتين الخام يوميا .
ج – الاحتياجات اللازمة لنمو الريش :
يشكل الريش حوالى 4 % من وزن الكتكوت أثناء الثلاثة أسابيع الاولى من العمر ثم يرتفع بعد ذلك ليصبح 7 % من عمر 4 أسابيع
واذا علم ان نسبة البروتين فى الريش 82 % و الكفاءة التحويلية للبروتين = 55 %
وبالتالى يصبح حساب كمية البروتين اللازمة لنمو الريش كلاتى .
( 04, – 07, ) * الزيادة اليومية بالجرام * 82, / 55,
د – البروتين اللازم لانتاج البيض :
حسب التحليل الكيماوى للبيض نجد ان متوسط نسبة البروتين بها 12 % و بذلك تصبح كمية البروتين الكلية فى بيضة وزنها 60 جرام =60 * 12 / 100 = 7,2 جم بروتينى ويمكن حساب مقدار بروتين الغذاء اللازم لانتاج هذا القدر من البروتين بطريقتين .
1 – حسب ارقام الكفاءة التحويلية لبروتين الغذاء الى أنتاج فى الدواجن لـ scott = 55%
تبين ان المقدار اللازم = 7,2 * 100 / 55 = 13,1 جم بروتين .
2 – بفرض ان الفقد فى البروتين المهضوم لتكوين بيضة = 33 %
7,2 * 3 / 2 = 10,8 جم بروتين مهضوم .
وبفرض ان معامل هضم البروتين الخام = 80 % فيكون مقدار البروتين الخام اللازم توفرة فى عليقة الدجاج للحصول على هذا القدر من البروتين المهضوم = 10,8 * 100 / 80 = 13,5 جم بروتين خام .
أجمالى الاحتياجات من البروتين = 3,18 + 1,4 + 13,1 = 17,68 جم بروتين خام
وحيث ان متوسط استهلاك الطائر من العلف حوالى 100 جم يوميا
اذا نسبة البروتين تصبح 17,5 – 18 % بروتين خام
دمتم في رعاية الله – م/ محمد رمضان
Permalink
I think that what you posted made a ton of sense. But, what about this?
what if you composed a catchier title? I am not saying your
information is not good., however suppose you added a headline that
makes people want more? I mean الطاقه اللازمه للطائر للحياه وانواعها
وطرق حسابها – Hen House – التغذية فى الدواجن is kinda vanilla.
You ought to look at Yahoo’s home page and watch how
they create article headlines to grab viewers to
click. You might add a related video or a picture or two to grab people
interested about what you’ve got to say. In my opinion, it
would make your posts a little bit more interesting.
Permalink
Great delivery. Solid arguments. Keep up the good spirit.
Here is my web site; Ikigai Weight Loss
Permalink
I’m not sure why but this site is loading extremely slow for me.
Is anyone else having this problem or is it a problem on my end?
I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.
My website; Zenzi CBD
Permalink
Hello.This post was extremely interesting, especially because I was
looking for thoughts on this matter last couple of days.
Here is my web site … Living Tree CBD Gummies Review (http://163.30.42.16/~health2017/userinfo.php?uid=4557537)
Permalink
I like what you guys are up too. Such intelligent work and reporting!
Keep up the superb works guys I’ve incorporated you guys to my
blogroll. I think it’ll improve the value of my site :).
Here is my webpage: Living Tree CBD Gummies Reviews
Permalink
First off I would like to say excellent blog!
I had a quick question that I’d like to ask if you do not mind.
I was interested to know how you center yourself and clear your head before writing.
I have had trouble clearing my thoughts in getting my
ideas out. I do enjoy writing however it just seems like
the first 10 to 15 minutes are usually wasted simply just trying to figure out how
to begin. Any suggestions or hints? Thank you!
My web blog; Performinax Reviews
Permalink
Hi, just wanted to say, I liked this blog
post. It was inspiring. Keep on posting!
My web blog :: Cleaner Smile Teeth Whitening Reviews
Permalink
I don’t normally comment but I gotta tell appreciate it for the post on this
one :D.
Stop by my webpage – Pharma Labs Keto
Permalink
Great goods from you, man. I have understand your stuff previous
to and you’re just extremely great. I actually like what
you have acquired here, really like what you are saying and the way in which
you say it. You make it entertaining and you still care for to keep
it smart. I can not wait to read far more from you.
This is really a terrific website.
My site – Bionic Ultrasonic Pest Repeller
Permalink
Nice post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am inspired!
Extremely helpful information specifically the remaining part 🙂 I
care for such info much. I was seeking this particular information for
a very lengthy time. Thank you and best of luck.
My web page Performinax Male Enhancement
Permalink
I was wondering if you ever considered changing the page
layout of your blog? Its very well written; I love what
youve got to say. But maybe you could a little more in the way of content so people could connect
with it better. Youve got an awful lot of text for only having 1 or two pictures.
Maybe you could space it out better?
Also visit my blog: Keto Hack Reviews
Permalink
Howdy! I just wish to give you a big thumbs up for your
great information you have right here on this post.
I am returning to your site for more soon.
Feel free to surf to my webpage Keto Burn (http://www.consulenzaleonardo.com)
Permalink
Sweet site, super pattern, real clean and utilise friendly.
Here is my web site: Zenzi CBD Hemp Gummies Reviews (rucame.club)
Permalink
It’s remarkable in support of me to have a site, which is good in support of my knowledge.
thanks admin
My page – Leaf Boss CBD
Permalink
Spot on with this write-up, I actually feel this amazing site needs a great
deal more attention. I’ll probably be returning to read through more, thanks for the information!
Permalink
I’m not sure why but this weblog is loading incredibly slow for me.
Is anyone else having this problem or is it a problem on my end?
I’ll check back later and see if the problem still exists.
Check out my blog post – PharmaLabs Keto
Permalink
great publish, very informative. I ponder why the opposite experts of this
sector do not notice this. You must continue your writing.
I am confident, you’ve a huge readers’ base already!
My homepage Pharma Labs Keto Review, http://usedtiresbrowardcounty.com,
Permalink
Hey there, You have done an incredible job.
I’ll definitely digg it and personally suggest to my friends.
I am sure they will be benefited from this website.
My web blog :: Breeze Box AC (http://www.matong13.com)
Permalink
We wish to thank you yet again for the stunning ideas you offered Jesse when preparing
a post-graduate research as well as, most importantly, with
regard to providing all of the ideas in one blog post. Provided we had been aware of your blog a year ago, we may have been rescued from the useless measures we were taking.
Thanks to you.
Visit my web-site Crypto Advantage App Reviews (https://uklianjiang.com)
Permalink
Unquestionably believe that which you said. Your favorite justification appeared to be on the net the simplest thing
to be aware of. I say to you, I definitely get
irked while people think about worries that they plainly don’t know about.
You managed to hit the nail upon the top and defined out the whole thing without having side effect , people can take a signal.
Will likely be back to get more. Thanks
Here is my page BreezeBox AC
Permalink
Marvelous, what a website it is! This blog gives valuable facts to us, keep it up.
My web site … Spore Protect And Defend (http://www.hltkd.tw)
Permalink
Very interesting information!Perfect just what I was searching for!
Feel free to surf to my web page: XTRM Life Keto Review
Permalink
We’re a group of volunteers and opening a new scheme in our community.
Your website provided us with valuable info to work
on. You have done a formidable job and our whole community will be grateful to
you.
My page … Profit Edge App (grautocar.com)
Permalink
You actually make it apрear so easy with your presentation but I in finding this topic to be really one thing that I feel I might by nno
means understand. It sort of feels too comⲣlex and
very wide for me. I am having a looik foгward forr your next post, I’ll try t᧐ ɡet the dangle of
it!
Here is my homepage: selengkapnya disini
Permalink
Usually I don’t read post on blogs, but I wish to say that this write-up very compelled me to take
a look at and do so! Your writing style
has been amazed me. Thanks, very nice post.
Also visit my web site; gem ace333 (William)
Permalink
Hi there! I’m at work browsing your blog from my new apple iphone!
Just wanted to say I love reading through your blog and look
forward to all your posts! Keep up the fantastic work!
Look at my page Pussy888 Apk Download
Permalink
Excellent goods from you, man. I’ve understand your stuff
previous to and you’re just extremely excellent.
I actually like what you have acquired here, certainly
like what you’re saying and the way in which you say it.
You make it entertaining and you still take care of to keep it
sensible. I cant wait to read far more from you. This is
actually a terrific website.
Feel free to surf to my homepage … game mega888 online
Permalink
Hmm is anyone else having problems with the pictures on this blog loading?
I’m trying to determine if its a problem on my end or if it’s the blog.
Any responses would be greatly appreciated.
Feel free to visit my web-site … I1 Aaa1188
Permalink
This article offers clear idea for the new viewers of blogging,
that truly how to do blogging and site-building.
Also visit my web site; aaa1188 jackpot (https://xe88-my.com)
Permalink
First off I would like to say terrific blog! I had a quick question which
I’d like to ask if you do not mind. I was curious to find out how you center yourself and clear your head prior to
writing. I have had trouble clearing my thoughts in getting my ideas out.
I truly do take pleasure in writing however it just seems like the first 10 to 15 minutes tend to be lost simply just trying to figure out how to begin. Any recommendations or tips?
Cheers!
Here is my blog post … wm casino android download
Permalink
I’m truly enjoying the design and layout of your blog.
It’s a very easy on the eyes which makes it much more pleasant
for me to come here and visit more often. Did you hire out a developer
to create your theme? Superb work!
My blog sky777 kiosk download
Permalink
Saved as a favorite, I really like your website!
Stop by my homepage :: ok388apk download
Permalink
Hi there, its nice piece of writing on the topic of
media print, we all understand media is a impressive source of information.
Feel free to visit my website – jackpot wukong333
Permalink
Spot on with this write-up, I seriously believe that this site needs much more attention. I’ll probably be back again to see more, thanks for the information!
my blog … game playboy2
Permalink
Howdy just wanted to give you a quick heads up. The text in your post seem to
be running off the screen in Firefox. I’m not sure if this is a format issue or something
to do with internet browser compatibility but I
thought I’d post to let you know. The design and style look great though!
Hope you get the issue resolved soon. Kudos
my web page: lpe88 test id
Permalink
I’m really enjoying the theme/design of your weblog.
Do you ever run into any internet browser compatibility issues?
A few of my blog readers have complained about my blog not operating
correctly in Explorer but looks great in Chrome. Do you have
any recommendations to help fix this issue?
Permalink
I don’t even know how I ended up here, but I thought this post was great.
I don’t know who you are but certainly you are going
to a famous blogger if you are not already 😉 Cheers!
Feel free to surf to my page: kiss918apk
Permalink
If you wish for to get a good deal from this post then you have to apply such strategies to your won blog.
my web page; lpe88apk ios
Permalink
Awesome blօg! Is yоuг theme custom mɑde or diid you download
іt from somewhere? A design like youгs with a few simple
adjustements would reaⅼly make my bog shine.
Ⲣleаse let me қnw whhere you got your ԁeѕign. Mаny
thanks
Here is my webpage – poker757
Permalink
Thanks very nice blog!
Look into my web site – sky1388 android download
Permalink
Greetings I am so happy I found your web site, I really found
you by accident, while I was looking on Bing for something else, Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say cheers for a incredible post and a all round thrilling
blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to look
over it all at the minute but I have saved it and also added your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read more, Please do keep up
the great work.
Have a look at my web site :: Ok388 11 (mega888-app.com)
Permalink
Fantastic beat ! I would like to apprentice while you amend your website, how could i
subscribe for a blog site? The account aided me a acceptable
deal. I had been a little bit acquainted of this your broadcast provided
bright clear idea
Permalink
What i don’t understood is in truth how you’re no longer really a lot more neatly-preferred than you
might be right now. You’re very intelligent.
You recognize therefore considerably on the subject of this topic, made
me personally consider it from a lot of numerous angles.
Its like women and men don’t seem to be interested until
it is something to accomplish with Lady gaga! Your personal stuffs nice.
Always handle it up!
Here is my homepage; 918kiss 2 pc download (918kiss-m.com)
Permalink
Greetings! Very useful advice in this particular article!
It’s the little changes that will make the most significant changes.
Thanks a lot for sharing!
my blog post: 1 wm casino
Permalink
It’ѕ goimg to bbе ending of mine day, except before ending I am reading this greɑt paragraph tօ
increase my experiеnce.
my website: poker757
Permalink
Please let me know if you’re looking for a writer for your site.
You have some really great articles and I believe
I would be a good asset. If you ever want to take some of
the load off, I’d love to write some content for
your blog in exchange for a link back to mine. Please blast me an email if interested.
Many thanks!
my blog: gema rollex11
Permalink
My ƅrother suggested Ӏ might likе this web site. Ηe was entirеly right.
This post ɑctually made my day. You cann’t imagine simplу how
much time І had spent for this info! Thanks!
My webpage … domino757
Permalink
Hey very іnteresting blog!
My web page :: Pkv Ꮲoker Apk – U.Kpro.G.Ol.Fshop@Zcwbz.Com,
Permalink
I savoг, lead to I discovred just what I wаs looking
for. Youu havѵe ended my foᥙr day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a grеat day.
Bye
mʏ web page – dominoqq; https://www.bruederli.com/?s=https%3a%2f%2fprofile.wiki%2findex.php%3ftitle%3duser%3asanora8650,
Permalink
My spouse and I stumbled over here different web page and thought I should check things
out. I like what I see so now i am following you.
Look forward to looking over your web page repeatedly.
Permalink
I got this site from my friend who told me on the topic
of this web site and at the moment this time I am
browsing this web site and reading very informative content
at this place.
Permalink
Heya i am for the first time here. I came across this board and I find
It truly useful & it helped me out much.
I hope to give something back and aid others like you aided me.
Permalink
Have you ever considered about adding a little bit more than just
your articles? I mean, what you say is important and all.
However think about if you added some great
graphics or video clips to give your posts more, “pop”!
Your content is excellent but with images and clips,
this blog could certainly be one of the very best
in its niche. Good blog!
Look into my blog – wukong333 ios
Permalink
Appreciating the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer.
It’s awesome to come across a blog every once in a while that isn’t the
same out of date rehashed material. Excellent read!
I’ve bookmarked your site and I’m including your RSS feeds to my Google account.
Visit my web site :: scr kiss918 (https://sg918kiss.com)
Permalink
What’s up, I check your blog like every week. Your humoristic style is
witty, keep up the good work!
Permalink
I appreciate, result in I discovered just what I used
to be looking for. You’ve ended my 4 day lengthy hunt!
God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye